Liver cancer is one of the common malignant tumors， and most patients are in the middle and advanced stages when they seek medical attention. Ablation therapy is the main treatment for patients with early or unresectable liver cancer. Changes in the tumor microenvironment may affect the efficacy and prognosis of patients after ablation of liver cancer. In recent years， more and more studies have explored the potential synergistic effect between ablation therapy for liver cancer and the tumor microenvironment to improve the efficacy of ablation therapy and improve survival rate. Exploring the key components of the tumor microenvironment and the immunomodulatory role of the tumor microenvironment in the ablation treatment of liver cancer can provide a new strategy for the treatment of liver cancer.