Portal vein tumor thrombus （PVTT） is one of the common complications of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） with a high mortality rate. Several studies have shown that active implementation of effective treatment can significantly improve the quality of life and prolong survival of HCC patients with PVTT. In recent years，with the continuous development of molecular biology and molecular immunology，the treatment of advanced liver cancer has shifted from single agent to combination therapy，among which，the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and other systemic or local therapies has attracted much attention. This treatment strategy has shown good efficacy in some large-scale clinical trials. With the deepening of relevant research，it is believed that this treatment scheme will bring more hope and opportunities to such patients.