Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can not only prolong the survival time of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a short time, but also achieve a lasting response to the tumor. However, there has been significant heterogeneity in the efficacy of ICIs among patients with different types of NSCLC, and there has been still a lack of universal biomarkers to predict the benefit of ICIs treatment. Inflammation has played a definite role in the occurrence and development of tumors, and a variety of inflammatory markers in serum also have become clinical indicators reflecting immune status, such as lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, serum neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets and other indicators. These inflammatory markers are easy to obtain and are associated with the prognosis of a variety of solid tumors.